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# 發(fā)送GET請(qǐng)求
response = requests.get('https://api.github.com')

# 查看響應(yīng)狀態(tài)碼
print(f"狀態(tài)碼: {response.status_code}")

# 查看響應(yīng)內(nèi)容
print(f"響應(yīng)內(nèi)容類型: {response.headers['content-type']}")
print(f"響應(yīng)內(nèi)容: {response.text[:100]}...") # 只顯示前100個(gè)字符

小貼士： response對(duì)象包含了服務(wù)器響應(yīng)的所有信息，不僅有內(nèi)容，還有狀態(tài)碼、響應(yīng)頭等重要信息。

請(qǐng)求參數(shù)處理

看看如何優(yōu)雅地處理URL參數(shù)：

import requests



# 使用params參數(shù)傳遞查詢參數(shù)

params = {

    'q': 'python',

    'sort': 'stars',

    'order': 'desc'

}



response = requests.get(

    'https://api.github.com/search/repositories',

    params=params

)



# 查看實(shí)際請(qǐng)求的URL

print(f"完整URL: {response.url}")



# 解析JSON響應(yīng)

data = response.json()

print(f"查找到的倉(cāng)庫(kù)數(shù)量: {data.get('total_count', 0)}")

處理不同類型的請(qǐng)求

Requests支持所有常見的HTTP方法：

import requests



# POST請(qǐng)求示例

data = {'username': 'python_lover', 'password': '12345'}

response = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data=data)



# PUT請(qǐng)求示例

response = requests.put('https://httpbin.org/put', data={'key': 'value'})



# DELETE請(qǐng)求示例

response = requests.delete('https://httpbin.org/delete')



# 自定義請(qǐng)求頭

headers = {

    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36',

    'Accept': 'application/json'

}

response = requests.get('https://api.github.com/user', headers=headers)

文件上傳與下載

來看看如何處理文件操作：

import requests



# 上傳文件

def upload_file():

    files = {

        'file': ('test.txt', open('test.txt', 'rb'), 'text/plain')

    }

    response = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', files=files)

    return response.json()



# 下載文件

def download_file(url, filename):

    response = requests.get(url, stream=True)

    if response.status_code == 200:

        with open(filename, 'wb') as f:

            for chunk in response.iter_content(chunk_size=8192):

                f.write(chunk)

        return True

    return False



# 使用示例

# download_file('https://example.com/file.pdf', 'downloaded.pdf')

會(huì)話和Cookie處理

使用會(huì)話來維持連接和Cookie：

import requests



# 創(chuàng)建會(huì)話對(duì)象

session = requests.Session()



# 設(shè)置會(huì)話級(jí)別的請(qǐng)求頭

session.headers.update({

    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0',

    'Accept': 'application/json'

})



# 使用會(huì)話發(fā)送請(qǐng)求

response = session.get('https://httpbin.org/cookies/set/sessionid/123456789')

print(f"Cookie: {session.cookies.get_dict()}")



# 后續(xù)請(qǐng)求會(huì)自動(dòng)帶上之前的Cookie

response = session.get('https://httpbin.org/cookies')

print(f"服務(wù)器看到的Cookie: {response.json()}")

異常處理

優(yōu)雅地處理請(qǐng)求中可能出現(xiàn)的異常：

import requests

from requests.exceptions import RequestException



def safe_request(url):

    try:

        response = requests.get(url, timeout=5)

        response.raise_for_status()  # 檢查響應(yīng)狀態(tài)

        return response.json()

    except requests.exceptions.Timeout:

        print("請(qǐng)求超時(shí)")

    except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as e:

        print(f"HTTP錯(cuò)誤: {e}")

    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:

        print(f"請(qǐng)求出錯(cuò): {e}")

    return None



# 使用示例

result = safe_request('https://api.github.com/users/invalid_user_12345')